# Periodic Table of Elements — Full Structured Dump

> 免费、可引用的元素周期表 — 118 个元素指南、趋势、计算器和可打印 PDF。

Complete per-element data dump optimized for AI/LLM ingestion. For the concise index see /llms.txt.

Each element block contains: Quick Facts (numeric fields), Discovery, and a pointer to the full HTML page with summary, properties, isotopes, uses, occurrence, safety notes, and FAQs.

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## 周期趋势 (11)

### Electronegativity (Pauling)

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/electronegativity

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### Atomic Radius (pm)

The distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/atomic_radius

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### Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)

The energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/ionization_energy

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### Melting Point (K)

The temperature at which the solid phase of a pure substance is in equilibrium with its liquid phase at atmospheric pressure.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/melting_point

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### Density at STP (g/cm3)

Mass per unit volume of a substance at standard temperature and pressure.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/density_stp

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### Boiling Point (K)

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/boiling_point

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### Atomic Mass (u)

The mass of an atom, typically expressed in unified atomic mass units.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/atomic_mass

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### Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gaseous state.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/electron_affinity

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### Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K))

Rate at which heat flows through a material. Metals conduct heat well; gases and nonmetals poorly.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/thermal_conductivity

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### Crustal Abundance (mg/kg)

How much of the element is found in the Earth's crust, measured in milligrams per kilogram of crustal rock.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/abundance_crust

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### Oxidation States (count)

Number of distinct oxidation states the element commonly exhibits in compounds.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/trends/oxidation_states

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## 工具 (4)

### Molar Mass Calculator

Compute molecular weight from chemical formulas; supports hydrates (·nH2O), nested brackets, square-bracket complexes, and standalone ion notation.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/tools/molar-mass-calculator

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### Equation Balancer

Balance chemical equations with arbitrary reactants and products using an integer-LCM algorithm; rejects unbalanceable inputs.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/tools/balance-equation

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### Electron Configuration Calculator

Full and shorthand electron configuration for any of the 118 elements with orbital diagrams and 13 documented anomalous ground states (Cr, Cu, Mo, Pd, Au, La, Gd, ...).

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/tools/electron-configuration-calculator

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### Element Comparator

Side-by-side comparison of any subset of the 118 elements across atomic, thermodynamic, electrical, and abundance properties.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/tools/compare-elements

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## Quizzes (4)

### Element Symbol Quiz

Multiple-choice drills matching element names to symbols. Three difficulty levels; tracks the last 10 attempts in localStorage.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/quizzes/element-symbol-quiz

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### Atomic Number Quiz

Identify an element from its atomic number and a clue. Three difficulty levels; recent-attempts history is preserved locally.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/quizzes/atomic-number-quiz

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### Category Quiz

Place elements into their periodic-table category (alkali metal, transition metal, noble gas, ...). Three difficulty levels.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/quizzes/category-quiz

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### Electron Configuration Quiz

Identify elements from a partial electron configuration clue. Three difficulty levels.

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/quizzes/electron-config-quiz

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## 学习 (9)

### 为什么元素具有不同的性质：周期律

不同的元素因其电子构型而不同。本指南将质子计数、电子计数、价电子层和化学联系起来，并提供了元素周期表中的具体示例。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/why-elements-have-different-properties
Reading time: ~7 min

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### 什么是同位素？定义、示例及其重要性

对同位素、同位素符号、稳定性、半衰期以及同位素在医学、考古学和核能中的作用的简单解释。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/what-are-isotopes
Reading time: ~6 min

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### 元素周期表周期解释：7 行及其模式

元素周期表的 7 个水平行（周期）如何编码电子层数，以及每个周期重复的可预测化学波。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/periodic-table-periods-explained
Reading time: ~7 min

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### 元素周期表族解释：18 列及其化学性质

元素周期表中 18 个族（列）的含义、为什么同一族中的元素表现相似，以及可让您预测化学反应的每种模式。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/periodic-table-groups-explained
Reading time: ~9 min

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### 元素周期表简史：从三元组到奥加内松

19 世纪的化学家如何注意到元素中的重复模式，将它们组织成更好的表格，预测缺失的元素，并得出我们今天使用的 118 元素表。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/periodic-table-history
Reading time: ~8 min

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### 原子质量与质量数：有什么区别？

质量数对单个核子进行计数；原子质量是所有同位素的加权平均值。本指南将介绍这两种元素，展示它们在元素周期表中的显示方式，并解释不稳定元素的括号符号。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/atomic-mass-vs-mass-number
Reading time: ~5 min

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### 如何记住元素周期表：符号、数字和类别

经过验证的助记策略，无需强力记忆即可学习元素符号和原子序数。间隔重复、组块和模式识别。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/how-to-memorize-element-symbols
Reading time: ~8 min

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### 如何阅读元素周期表：初学者指南

元素周期表单元的每个部分（原子序数、符号、原子质量、族、周期、块、类别）的实用演练，包括从氢到 Oganesson 的示例。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/how-to-read-the-periodic-table
Reading time: ~7 min

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### 电子构型解释：Aufbau、壳层和简写

清晰地介绍了电子构型符号、Aufbau 填充顺序、壳层与子壳层，以及如何读取从氢到 Oganesson 的任何元素的构型。

Page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/learn/electron-configuration-explained
Reading time: ~8 min

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## 所有元素 (118)

# Hydrogen (H) — Atomic Number 1

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hydrogen

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 1
- Atomic Mass: 1.008 u
- Symbol: H
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 1, Period: 1
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: 1s1
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 14.01 K
- Boiling Point: 20.28 K
- Density (STP): 0.00008989999999999999 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1766

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hydrogen

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# Helium (He) — Atomic Number 2

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/helium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 2
- Atomic Mass: 4.002602 u
- Symbol: He
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 18, Period: 1
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: 1s2
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: 4.22 K
- Density (STP): 0.0001785 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1895

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/helium

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# Lithium (Li) — Atomic Number 3

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lithium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 3
- Atomic Mass: 6.94 u
- Symbol: Li
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 2
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s1
- Electronegativity: 0.98 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 453.69 K
- Boiling Point: 1615 K
- Density (STP): 0.535 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1817

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lithium

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# Beryllium (Be) — Atomic Number 4

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/beryllium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 4
- Atomic Mass: 9.0121831 u
- Symbol: Be
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 2
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2
- Electronegativity: 1.57 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1560 K
- Boiling Point: 2743 K
- Density (STP): 1.848 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1797

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/beryllium

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# Boron (B) — Atomic Number 5

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/boron

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 5
- Atomic Mass: 10.81 u
- Symbol: B
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 11, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p1
- Electronegativity: 2.04 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2348 K
- Boiling Point: 4273 K
- Density (STP): 2.46 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1808

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/boron

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# Carbon (C) — Atomic Number 6

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/carbon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Mass: 12.011 u
- Symbol: C
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 12, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p2
- Electronegativity: 2.55 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 3915 K
- Boiling Point: 3915 K
- Density (STP): 2.26 g/cm³
- Discovered: -3749

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/carbon

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# Nitrogen (N) — Atomic Number 7

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nitrogen

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 7
- Atomic Mass: 14.007 u
- Symbol: N
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 13, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p3
- Electronegativity: 3.04 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 63.05 K
- Boiling Point: 77.36 K
- Density (STP): 0.001251 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1772

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nitrogen

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# Oxygen (O) — Atomic Number 8

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/oxygen

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 8
- Atomic Mass: 15.999 u
- Symbol: O
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 14, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p4
- Electronegativity: 3.44 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 54.8 K
- Boiling Point: 90.2 K
- Density (STP): 0.0014290000000000001 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1774

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/oxygen

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# Fluorine (F) — Atomic Number 9

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/fluorine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 9
- Atomic Mass: 18.998403162 u
- Symbol: F
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 15, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p5
- Electronegativity: 3.98 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 53.5 K
- Boiling Point: 85.03 K
- Density (STP): 0.001696 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1886

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/fluorine

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# Neon (Ne) — Atomic Number 10

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 10
- Atomic Mass: 20.1797 u
- Symbol: Ne
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 16, Period: 2
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p6
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 24.56 K
- Boiling Point: 27.07 K
- Density (STP): 0.0009 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1898

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neon

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# Sodium (Na) — Atomic Number 11

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/sodium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 11
- Atomic Mass: 22.98976928 u
- Symbol: Na
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 3
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s1
- Electronegativity: 0.93 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 370.87 K
- Boiling Point: 1156 K
- Density (STP): 0.968 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1807

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/sodium

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# Magnesium (Mg) — Atomic Number 12

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/magnesium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 12
- Atomic Mass: 24.305 u
- Symbol: Mg
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 3
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2
- Electronegativity: 1.31 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 923 K
- Boiling Point: 1363 K
- Density (STP): 1.738 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1755

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/magnesium

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# Aluminum (Al) — Atomic Number 13

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/aluminum

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 13
- Atomic Mass: 26.9815384 u
- Symbol: Al
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 13, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
- Electronegativity: 1.61 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 933.47 K
- Boiling Point: 2792 K
- Density (STP): 2.7 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1825

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/aluminum

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# Silicon (Si) — Atomic Number 14

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/silicon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 14
- Atomic Mass: 28.085 u
- Symbol: Si
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 14, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
- Electronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1687 K
- Boiling Point: 3173 K
- Density (STP): 2.33 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1824

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/silicon

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# Phosphorus (P) — Atomic Number 15

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/phosphorus

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 15
- Atomic Mass: 30.973761998 u
- Symbol: P
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 15, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
- Electronegativity: 2.19 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 317.3 K
- Boiling Point: 553.6 K
- Density (STP): 1.823 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1669

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/phosphorus

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# Sulfur (S) — Atomic Number 16

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/sulfur

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 16
- Atomic Mass: 32.06 u
- Symbol: S
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 16, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p4
- Electronegativity: 2.58 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 388.36 K
- Boiling Point: 717.87 K
- Density (STP): 1.96 g/cm³
- Discovered: -499

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/sulfur

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# Chlorine (Cl) — Atomic Number 17

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/chlorine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 17
- Atomic Mass: 35.45 u
- Symbol: Cl
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 17, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
- Electronegativity: 3.16 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 171.6 K
- Boiling Point: 239.11 K
- Density (STP): 0.003214 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1774

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/chlorine

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# Argon (Ar) — Atomic Number 18

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/argon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 18
- Atomic Mass: 39.948 u
- Symbol: Ar
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 18, Period: 3
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p6
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 83.8 K
- Boiling Point: 87.3 K
- Density (STP): 0.001784 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1894

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/argon

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# Potassium (K) — Atomic Number 19

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/potassium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 19
- Atomic Mass: 39.0983 u
- Symbol: K
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 4
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1
- Electronegativity: 0.82 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 336.53 K
- Boiling Point: 1032 K
- Density (STP): 0.856 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1807

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/potassium

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# Calcium (Ca) — Atomic Number 20

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/calcium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 20
- Atomic Mass: 40.078 u
- Symbol: Ca
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 4
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2
- Electronegativity: 1 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1115 K
- Boiling Point: 1757 K
- Density (STP): 1.55 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1808

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/calcium

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# Scandium (Sc) — Atomic Number 21

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/scandium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 21
- Atomic Mass: 44.955907 u
- Symbol: Sc
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 3, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d1
- Electronegativity: 1.36 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1814 K
- Boiling Point: 3103 K
- Density (STP): 2.985 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1879

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/scandium

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# Titanium (Ti) — Atomic Number 22

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/titanium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 22
- Atomic Mass: 47.867 u
- Symbol: Ti
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 4, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d2
- Electronegativity: 1.54 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1941 K
- Boiling Point: 3560 K
- Density (STP): 4.507 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1791

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/titanium

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# Vanadium (V) — Atomic Number 23

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/vanadium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 23
- Atomic Mass: 50.9415 u
- Symbol: V
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 5, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d3
- Electronegativity: 1.63 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2183 K
- Boiling Point: 3680 K
- Density (STP): 6.11 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1801

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/vanadium

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# Chromium (Cr) — Atomic Number 24

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/chromium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 24
- Atomic Mass: 51.9961 u
- Symbol: Cr
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 6, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d5
- Electronegativity: 1.66 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2180 K
- Boiling Point: 2944 K
- Density (STP): 7.19 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1797

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/chromium

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# Manganese (Mn) — Atomic Number 25

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/manganese

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 25
- Atomic Mass: 54.938043 u
- Symbol: Mn
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 7, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d5
- Electronegativity: 1.55 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1519 K
- Boiling Point: 2334 K
- Density (STP): 7.47 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1774

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/manganese

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# Iron (Fe) — Atomic Number 26

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iron

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 26
- Atomic Mass: 55.845 u
- Symbol: Fe
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 8, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d6
- Electronegativity: 1.83 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1811 K
- Boiling Point: 3134 K
- Density (STP): 7.874 g/cm³
- Discovered: -1999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iron

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# Cobalt (Co) — Atomic Number 27

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cobalt

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 27
- Atomic Mass: 58.933194 u
- Symbol: Co
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 9, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d7
- Electronegativity: 1.88 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1768 K
- Boiling Point: 3200 K
- Density (STP): 8.9 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1735

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cobalt

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# Nickel (Ni) — Atomic Number 28

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nickel

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 28
- Atomic Mass: 58.6934 u
- Symbol: Ni
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 10, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d8
- Electronegativity: 1.91 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1728 K
- Boiling Point: 3186 K
- Density (STP): 8.908 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1751

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nickel

---

# Copper (Cu) — Atomic Number 29

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/copper

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 29
- Atomic Mass: 63.546 u
- Symbol: Cu
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 11, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d10
- Electronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1357.77 K
- Boiling Point: 2835 K
- Density (STP): 8.96 g/cm³
- Discovered: -7999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/copper

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# Zinc (Zn) — Atomic Number 30

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/zinc

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 30
- Atomic Mass: 65.38 u
- Symbol: Zn
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 12, Period: 4
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10
- Electronegativity: 1.65 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 692.68 K
- Boiling Point: 1180 K
- Density (STP): 7.14 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1500

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/zinc

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# Gallium (Ga) — Atomic Number 31

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gallium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 31
- Atomic Mass: 69.723 u
- Symbol: Ga
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 13, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
- Electronegativity: 1.81 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 302.91 K
- Boiling Point: 2477 K
- Density (STP): 5.904 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1875

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gallium

---

# Germanium (Ge) — Atomic Number 32

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/germanium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 32
- Atomic Mass: 72.63 u
- Symbol: Ge
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 14, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2
- Electronegativity: 2.01 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1211.4 K
- Boiling Point: 3093 K
- Density (STP): 5.323 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1886

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/germanium

---

# Arsenic (As) — Atomic Number 33

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/arsenic

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 33
- Atomic Mass: 74.921595 u
- Symbol: As
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 15, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3
- Electronegativity: 2.18 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1090 K
- Boiling Point: 887 K
- Density (STP): 5.727 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1250

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/arsenic

---

# Selenium (Se) — Atomic Number 34

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/selenium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 34
- Atomic Mass: 78.971 u
- Symbol: Se
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 16, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4
- Electronegativity: 2.55 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 494 K
- Boiling Point: 958 K
- Density (STP): 4.819 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1817

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/selenium

---

# Bromine (Br) — Atomic Number 35

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bromine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 35
- Atomic Mass: 79.904 u
- Symbol: Br
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 17, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5
- Electronegativity: 2.96 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 265.8 K
- Boiling Point: 332 K
- Density (STP): 3.12 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1826

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bromine

---

# Krypton (Kr) — Atomic Number 36

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/krypton

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 36
- Atomic Mass: 83.798 u
- Symbol: Kr
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 18, Period: 4
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6
- Electronegativity: 3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 115.79 K
- Boiling Point: 119.93 K
- Density (STP): 0.00375 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1898

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/krypton

---

# Rubidium (Rb) — Atomic Number 37

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rubidium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 37
- Atomic Mass: 85.4678 u
- Symbol: Rb
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 5
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1
- Electronegativity: 0.82 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 312.46 K
- Boiling Point: 961 K
- Density (STP): 1.532 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1861

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rubidium

---

# Strontium (Sr) — Atomic Number 38

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/strontium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 38
- Atomic Mass: 87.62 u
- Symbol: Sr
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 5
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2
- Electronegativity: 0.95 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1050 K
- Boiling Point: 1655 K
- Density (STP): 2.63 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1790

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/strontium

---

# Yttrium (Y) — Atomic Number 39

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/yttrium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 39
- Atomic Mass: 88.905838 u
- Symbol: Y
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 3, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d1
- Electronegativity: 1.22 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1799 K
- Boiling Point: 3618 K
- Density (STP): 4.472 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1794

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/yttrium

---

# Zirconium (Zr) — Atomic Number 40

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/zirconium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 40
- Atomic Mass: 91.224 u
- Symbol: Zr
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 4, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d2
- Electronegativity: 1.33 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2128 K
- Boiling Point: 4682 K
- Density (STP): 6.511 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1789

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/zirconium

---

# Niobium (Nb) — Atomic Number 41

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/niobium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 41
- Atomic Mass: 92.90637 u
- Symbol: Nb
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 5, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d4
- Electronegativity: 1.6 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2750 K
- Boiling Point: 5017 K
- Density (STP): 8.57 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1801

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/niobium

---

# Molybdenum (Mo) — Atomic Number 42

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/molybdenum

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 42
- Atomic Mass: 95.95 u
- Symbol: Mo
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 6, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d5
- Electronegativity: 2.16 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2896 K
- Boiling Point: 4912 K
- Density (STP): 10.28 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1781

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/molybdenum

---

# Technetium (Tc) — Atomic Number 43

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/technetium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 43
- Atomic Mass: 98 u
- Symbol: Tc
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 7, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d5
- Electronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2430 K
- Boiling Point: 4538 K
- Density (STP): 11.5 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1937

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/technetium

---

# Ruthenium (Ru) — Atomic Number 44

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/ruthenium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 44
- Atomic Mass: 101.07 u
- Symbol: Ru
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 8, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d7
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2607 K
- Boiling Point: 4423 K
- Density (STP): 12.37 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1844

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/ruthenium

---

# Rhodium (Rh) — Atomic Number 45

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rhodium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 45
- Atomic Mass: 102.90549 u
- Symbol: Rh
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 9, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d8
- Electronegativity: 2.28 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2237 K
- Boiling Point: 3968 K
- Density (STP): 12.45 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1803

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rhodium

---

# Palladium (Pd) — Atomic Number 46

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/palladium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 46
- Atomic Mass: 106.42 u
- Symbol: Pd
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 10, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1828.05 K
- Boiling Point: 3236 K
- Density (STP): 12.023 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1803

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/palladium

---

# Silver (Ag) — Atomic Number 47

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/silver

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 47
- Atomic Mass: 107.8682 u
- Symbol: Ag
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 11, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d10
- Electronegativity: 1.93 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1234.93 K
- Boiling Point: 2435 K
- Density (STP): 10.49 g/cm³
- Discovered: -2999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/silver

---

# Cadmium (Cd) — Atomic Number 48

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cadmium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 48
- Atomic Mass: 112.414 u
- Symbol: Cd
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 12, Period: 5
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10
- Electronegativity: 1.69 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 594.22 K
- Boiling Point: 1040 K
- Density (STP): 8.65 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1817

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cadmium

---

# Indium (In) — Atomic Number 49

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/indium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 49
- Atomic Mass: 114.818 u
- Symbol: In
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 13, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p1
- Electronegativity: 1.78 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 429.75 K
- Boiling Point: 2345 K
- Density (STP): 7.31 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1863

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/indium

---

# Tin (Sn) — Atomic Number 50

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tin

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 50
- Atomic Mass: 118.710 u
- Symbol: Sn
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 14, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p2
- Electronegativity: 1.96 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 505.08 K
- Boiling Point: 2875 K
- Density (STP): 7.31 g/cm³
- Discovered: -2999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tin

---

# Antimony (Sb) — Atomic Number 51

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/antimony

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 51
- Atomic Mass: 121.760 u
- Symbol: Sb
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 15, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p3
- Electronegativity: 2.05 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 903.78 K
- Boiling Point: 1860 K
- Density (STP): 6.697 g/cm³
- Discovered: -2999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/antimony

---

# Tellurium (Te) — Atomic Number 52

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tellurium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 52
- Atomic Mass: 127.60 u
- Symbol: Te
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 16, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4
- Electronegativity: 2.1 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 722.66 K
- Boiling Point: 1261 K
- Density (STP): 6.24 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1783

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tellurium

---

# Iodine (I) — Atomic Number 53

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iodine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 53
- Atomic Mass: 126.90447 u
- Symbol: I
- Category: reactive nonmetal
- Group: 17, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p5
- Electronegativity: 2.66 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 386.85 K
- Boiling Point: 457.4 K
- Density (STP): 4.94 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1811

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iodine

---

# Xenon (Xe) — Atomic Number 54

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/xenon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 54
- Atomic Mass: 131.293 u
- Symbol: Xe
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 18, Period: 5
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p6
- Electronegativity: 2.6 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 161.3 K
- Boiling Point: 165.1 K
- Density (STP): 0.005900000000000001 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1898

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/xenon

---

# Cesium (Cs) — Atomic Number 55

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cesium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 55
- Atomic Mass: 132.90545196 u
- Symbol: Cs
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 6
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s1
- Electronegativity: 0.79 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 301.59 K
- Boiling Point: 944 K
- Density (STP): 1.879 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1860

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cesium

---

# Barium (Ba) — Atomic Number 56

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/barium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 56
- Atomic Mass: 137.327 u
- Symbol: Ba
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 6
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2
- Electronegativity: 0.89 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1000 K
- Boiling Point: 2143 K
- Density (STP): 3.51 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1808

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/barium

---

# Lanthanum (La) — Atomic Number 57

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lanthanum

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 57
- Atomic Mass: 138.90547 u
- Symbol: La
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 5d1
- Electronegativity: 1.1 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1193 K
- Boiling Point: 3737 K
- Density (STP): 6.146 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1839

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lanthanum

---

# Cerium (Ce) — Atomic Number 58

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cerium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 58
- Atomic Mass: 140.116 u
- Symbol: Ce
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f1 5d1
- Electronegativity: 1.12 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1071 K
- Boiling Point: 3633 K
- Density (STP): 6.689 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1803

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/cerium

---

# Praseodymium (Pr) — Atomic Number 59

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/praseodymium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 59
- Atomic Mass: 140.90766 u
- Symbol: Pr
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f3
- Electronegativity: 1.13 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1204 K
- Boiling Point: 3563 K
- Density (STP): 6.64 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1885

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/praseodymium

---

# Neodymium (Nd) — Atomic Number 60

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neodymium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 60
- Atomic Mass: 144.242 u
- Symbol: Nd
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f4
- Electronegativity: 1.14 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1294 K
- Boiling Point: 3373 K
- Density (STP): 7.01 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1885

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neodymium

---

# Promethium (Pm) — Atomic Number 61

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/promethium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 61
- Atomic Mass: 145 u
- Symbol: Pm
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f5
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1373 K
- Boiling Point: 3273 K
- Density (STP): 7.264 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1945

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/promethium

---

# Samarium (Sm) — Atomic Number 62

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/samarium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 62
- Atomic Mass: 150.36 u
- Symbol: Sm
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f6
- Electronegativity: 1.17 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1345 K
- Boiling Point: 2076 K
- Density (STP): 7.353 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1879

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/samarium

---

# Europium (Eu) — Atomic Number 63

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/europium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 63
- Atomic Mass: 151.964 u
- Symbol: Eu
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f7
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1095 K
- Boiling Point: 1800 K
- Density (STP): 5.244 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1901

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/europium

---

# Gadolinium (Gd) — Atomic Number 64

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gadolinium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 64
- Atomic Mass: 157.25 u
- Symbol: Gd
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f7 5d1
- Electronegativity: 1.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1586 K
- Boiling Point: 3523 K
- Density (STP): 7.901 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1880

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gadolinium

---

# Terbium (Tb) — Atomic Number 65

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/terbium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 65
- Atomic Mass: 158.925354 u
- Symbol: Tb
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f9
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1629 K
- Boiling Point: 3503 K
- Density (STP): 8.219 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1843

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/terbium

---

# Dysprosium (Dy) — Atomic Number 66

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/dysprosium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 66
- Atomic Mass: 162.500 u
- Symbol: Dy
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f10
- Electronegativity: 1.22 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1685 K
- Boiling Point: 2840 K
- Density (STP): 8.551 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1886

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/dysprosium

---

# Holmium (Ho) — Atomic Number 67

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/holmium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 67
- Atomic Mass: 164.930329 u
- Symbol: Ho
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f11
- Electronegativity: 1.23 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1747 K
- Boiling Point: 2973 K
- Density (STP): 8.795 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1878

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/holmium

---

# Erbium (Er) — Atomic Number 68

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/erbium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 68
- Atomic Mass: 167.259 u
- Symbol: Er
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f12
- Electronegativity: 1.24 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1770 K
- Boiling Point: 3141 K
- Density (STP): 9.066 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1842

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/erbium

---

# Thulium (Tm) — Atomic Number 69

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thulium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 69
- Atomic Mass: 168.934219 u
- Symbol: Tm
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f13
- Electronegativity: 1.25 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1818 K
- Boiling Point: 2223 K
- Density (STP): 9.32 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1879

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thulium

---

# Ytterbium (Yb) — Atomic Number 70

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/ytterbium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 70
- Atomic Mass: 173.045 u
- Symbol: Yb
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1092 K
- Boiling Point: 1469 K
- Density (STP): 6.57 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1878

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/ytterbium

---

# Lutetium (Lu) — Atomic Number 71

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lutetium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 71
- Atomic Mass: 174.9668 u
- Symbol: Lu
- Category: lanthanide
- Group: 3, Period: 6
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
- Electronegativity: 1.27 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1936 K
- Boiling Point: 3675 K
- Density (STP): 9.841 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1907

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lutetium

---

# Hafnium (Hf) — Atomic Number 72

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hafnium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 72
- Atomic Mass: 178.486 u
- Symbol: Hf
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 4, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d2
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2506 K
- Boiling Point: 4876 K
- Density (STP): 13.31 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1923

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hafnium

---

# Tantalum (Ta) — Atomic Number 73

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tantalum

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 73
- Atomic Mass: 180.94788 u
- Symbol: Ta
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 5, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d3
- Electronegativity: 1.5 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 3290 K
- Boiling Point: 5731 K
- Density (STP): 16.65 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1802

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tantalum

---

# Tungsten (W) — Atomic Number 74

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tungsten

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 74
- Atomic Mass: 183.84 u
- Symbol: W
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 6, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d4
- Electronegativity: 2.36 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 3695 K
- Boiling Point: 5828 K
- Density (STP): 19.25 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1783

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tungsten

---

# Rhenium (Re) — Atomic Number 75

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rhenium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 75
- Atomic Mass: 186.207 u
- Symbol: Re
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 7, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d5
- Electronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 3459 K
- Boiling Point: 5869 K
- Density (STP): 21.02 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1925

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rhenium

---

# Osmium (Os) — Atomic Number 76

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/osmium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 76
- Atomic Mass: 190.23 u
- Symbol: Os
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 8, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d6
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 3306 K
- Boiling Point: 5285 K
- Density (STP): 22.59 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1803

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/osmium

---

# Iridium (Ir) — Atomic Number 77

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iridium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 77
- Atomic Mass: 192.217 u
- Symbol: Ir
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 9, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d7
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2739 K
- Boiling Point: 4701 K
- Density (STP): 22.56 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1803

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/iridium

---

# Platinum (Pt) — Atomic Number 78

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/platinum

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 78
- Atomic Mass: 195.084 u
- Symbol: Pt
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 10, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d9
- Electronegativity: 2.28 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2041.4 K
- Boiling Point: 4098 K
- Density (STP): 21.45 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1735

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/platinum

---

# Gold (Au) — Atomic Number 79

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gold

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 79
- Atomic Mass: 196.966570 u
- Symbol: Au
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 11, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10
- Electronegativity: 2.54 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1337.33 K
- Boiling Point: 3129 K
- Density (STP): 19.3 g/cm³
- Discovered: -2499

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/gold

---

# Mercury (Hg) — Atomic Number 80

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/mercury

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 80
- Atomic Mass: 200.59 u
- Symbol: Hg
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 12, Period: 6
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10
- Electronegativity: 2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 234.32 K
- Boiling Point: 629.88 K
- Density (STP): 13.534 g/cm³
- Discovered: -1499

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/mercury

---

# Thallium (Tl) — Atomic Number 81

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thallium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 81
- Atomic Mass: 204.38 u
- Symbol: Tl
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 13, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
- Electronegativity: 1.62 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 577 K
- Boiling Point: 1746 K
- Density (STP): 11.85 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1861

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thallium

---

# Lead (Pb) — Atomic Number 82

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lead

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 82
- Atomic Mass: 207.2 u
- Symbol: Pb
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 14, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
- Electronegativity: 2.33 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 600.61 K
- Boiling Point: 2022 K
- Density (STP): 11.34 g/cm³
- Discovered: -3999

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lead

---

# Bismuth (Bi) — Atomic Number 83

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bismuth

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 83
- Atomic Mass: 208.98040 u
- Symbol: Bi
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 15, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
- Electronegativity: 2.02 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 544.4 K
- Boiling Point: 1837 K
- Density (STP): 9.78 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1400

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bismuth

---

# Polonium (Po) — Atomic Number 84

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/polonium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 84
- Atomic Mass: 209 u
- Symbol: Po
- Category: post-transition metal
- Group: 16, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4
- Electronegativity: 2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 528 K
- Boiling Point: 1235 K
- Density (STP): 9.196 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1898

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/polonium

---

# Astatine (At) — Atomic Number 85

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/astatine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 85
- Atomic Mass: 210 u
- Symbol: At
- Category: metalloid
- Group: 17, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5
- Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 575 K
- Boiling Point: 623 K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1940

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/astatine

---

# Radon (Rn) — Atomic Number 86

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/radon

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 86
- Atomic Mass: 222 u
- Symbol: Rn
- Category: noble gas
- Group: 18, Period: 6
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 202 K
- Boiling Point: 211.3 K
- Density (STP): 0.00973 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1900

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/radon

---

# Francium (Fr) — Atomic Number 87

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/francium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 87
- Atomic Mass: 223 u
- Symbol: Fr
- Category: alkali metal
- Group: 1, Period: 7
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s1
- Electronegativity: 0.7 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 294 K
- Boiling Point: 923 K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1939

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/francium

---

# Radium (Ra) — Atomic Number 88

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/radium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 88
- Atomic Mass: 226 u
- Symbol: Ra
- Category: alkaline earth metal
- Group: 2, Period: 7
- Block: s
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2
- Electronegativity: 0.9 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 973 K
- Boiling Point: 2010 K
- Density (STP): 5 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1898

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/radium

---

# Actinium (Ac) — Atomic Number 89

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/actinium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 89
- Atomic Mass: 227 u
- Symbol: Ac
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 6d1
- Electronegativity: 1.1 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1323 K
- Boiling Point: 3473 K
- Density (STP): 10.07 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1899

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/actinium

---

# Thorium (Th) — Atomic Number 90

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thorium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 90
- Atomic Mass: 232.0377 u
- Symbol: Th
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 6d2
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 2023 K
- Boiling Point: 5093 K
- Density (STP): 11.724 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1829

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/thorium

---

# Protactinium (Pa) — Atomic Number 91

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/protactinium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 91
- Atomic Mass: 231.03588 u
- Symbol: Pa
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f2 6d1
- Electronegativity: 1.5 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1845 K
- Boiling Point: 4273 K
- Density (STP): 15.37 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1913

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/protactinium

---

# Uranium (U) — Atomic Number 92

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/uranium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 92
- Atomic Mass: 238.02891 u
- Symbol: U
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f3 6d1
- Electronegativity: 1.38 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1408 K
- Boiling Point: 4200 K
- Density (STP): 19.05 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1789

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/uranium

---

# Neptunium (Np) — Atomic Number 93

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neptunium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 93
- Atomic Mass: 237 u
- Symbol: Np
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f4 6d1
- Electronegativity: 1.36 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 917 K
- Boiling Point: 4273 K
- Density (STP): 20.45 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1940

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/neptunium

---

# Plutonium (Pu) — Atomic Number 94

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/plutonium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 94
- Atomic Mass: 244 u
- Symbol: Pu
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f6
- Electronegativity: 1.28 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 913 K
- Boiling Point: 3503 K
- Density (STP): 19.816 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1940

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/plutonium

---

# Americium (Am) — Atomic Number 95

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/americium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 95
- Atomic Mass: 243 u
- Symbol: Am
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f7
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1449 K
- Boiling Point: 2284 K
- Density (STP): 13.67 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1944

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/americium

---

# Curium (Cm) — Atomic Number 96

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/curium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 96
- Atomic Mass: 247 u
- Symbol: Cm
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f7 6d1
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1618 K
- Boiling Point: 3383 K
- Density (STP): 13.51 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1944

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/curium

---

# Berkelium (Bk) — Atomic Number 97

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/berkelium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 97
- Atomic Mass: 247 u
- Symbol: Bk
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f9
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1323 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): 14.78 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1949

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/berkelium

---

# Californium (Cf) — Atomic Number 98

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/californium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 98
- Atomic Mass: 251 u
- Symbol: Cf
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f10
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1173 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): 15.1 g/cm³
- Discovered: 1950

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/californium

---

# Einsteinium (Es) — Atomic Number 99

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/einsteinium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 99
- Atomic Mass: 252 u
- Symbol: Es
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f11
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1133 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1952

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/einsteinium

---

# Fermium (Fm) — Atomic Number 100

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/fermium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 100
- Atomic Mass: 257 u
- Symbol: Fm
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f12
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1800 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1952

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/fermium

---

# Mendelevium (Md) — Atomic Number 101

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/mendelevium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 101
- Atomic Mass: 258 u
- Symbol: Md
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f13
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1100 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1955

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/mendelevium

---

# Nobelium (No) — Atomic Number 102

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nobelium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 102
- Atomic Mass: 259 u
- Symbol: No
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14
- Electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1100 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1958

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nobelium

---

# Lawrencium (Lr) — Atomic Number 103

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lawrencium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 103
- Atomic Mass: 266 u
- Symbol: Lr
- Category: actinide
- Group: 3, Period: 7
- Block: f
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 7p1
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: 1900 K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1961

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/lawrencium

---

# Rutherfordium (Rf) — Atomic Number 104

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rutherfordium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 104
- Atomic Mass: 267 u
- Symbol: Rf
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 4, Period: 7
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d2
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1964

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/rutherfordium

---

# Dubnium (Db) — Atomic Number 105

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/dubnium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 105
- Atomic Mass: 268 u
- Symbol: Db
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 5, Period: 7
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d3
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1967

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/dubnium

---

# Seaborgium (Sg) — Atomic Number 106

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/seaborgium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 106
- Atomic Mass: 269 u
- Symbol: Sg
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 6, Period: 7
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d4
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1974

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/seaborgium

---

# Bohrium (Bh) — Atomic Number 107

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bohrium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 107
- Atomic Mass: 270 u
- Symbol: Bh
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 7, Period: 7
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d5
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1981

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/bohrium

---

# Hassium (Hs) — Atomic Number 108

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hassium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 108
- Atomic Mass: 270 u
- Symbol: Hs
- Category: transition metal
- Group: 8, Period: 7
- Block: d
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d6
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1984

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/hassium

---

# Meitnerium (Mt) — Atomic Number 109

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/meitnerium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 109
- Atomic Mass: 278 u
- Symbol: Mt
- Category: unknown
- Group: 9, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d7
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1982

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/meitnerium

---

# Darmstadtium (Ds) — Atomic Number 110

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/darmstadtium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 110
- Atomic Mass: 281 u
- Symbol: Ds
- Category: unknown
- Group: 10, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s1 5f14 6d9
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1994

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/darmstadtium

---

# Roentgenium (Rg) — Atomic Number 111

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/roentgenium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 111
- Atomic Mass: 282 u
- Symbol: Rg
- Category: unknown
- Group: 11, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d9
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1994

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/roentgenium

---

# Copernicium (Cn) — Atomic Number 112

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/copernicium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 112
- Atomic Mass: 285 u
- Symbol: Cn
- Category: unknown
- Group: 12, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1996

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/copernicium

---

# Nihonium (Nh) — Atomic Number 113

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nihonium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 113
- Atomic Mass: 286 u
- Symbol: Nh
- Category: unknown
- Group: 13, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 2004

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/nihonium

---

# Flerovium (Fl) — Atomic Number 114

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/flerovium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 114
- Atomic Mass: 289 u
- Symbol: Fl
- Category: unknown
- Group: 14, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 1998

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/flerovium

---

# Moscovium (Mc) — Atomic Number 115

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/moscovium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 115
- Atomic Mass: 290 u
- Symbol: Mc
- Category: unknown
- Group: 15, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 2004

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/moscovium

---

# Livermorium (Lv) — Atomic Number 116

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/livermorium

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 116
- Atomic Mass: 293 u
- Symbol: Lv
- Category: unknown
- Group: 16, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 2000

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/livermorium

---

# Tennessine (Ts) — Atomic Number 117

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tennessine

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 117
- Atomic Mass: 294 u
- Symbol: Ts
- Category: unknown
- Group: 17, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 2010

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/tennessine

---

# Oganesson (Og) — Atomic Number 118

URL: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/oganesson

## Quick Facts
- Atomic Number: 118
- Atomic Mass: 294 u
- Symbol: Og
- Category: unknown
- Group: 18, Period: 7
- Block: p
- Electron Configuration: [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6
- Electronegativity: unknown (Pauling)
- Melting Point: unknown K
- Boiling Point: unknown K
- Density (STP): unknown g/cm³
- Discovered: 2006

## Element page: https://periodic-table-of-elements.top/elements/oganesson

---

## 数据来源

- IUPAC/CIAAW: standard atomic weights
- PubChem (NIH): element profiles, isotopes, compounds
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database
- Bowserinator/Periodic-Table-JSON (open dataset, MIT)
- v1 migration snapshot (properties-951c835.json)

Conflict resolution priority: IUPAC > PubChem > NIST > open dataset.

Last reviewed: 2026-07-16